Tag: Dubai commercial business license

Three simple steps to renew business license in Dubai

Getting a business license renewed is easier than ever before! Business license in Dubai is renewed annually. You can now renew your business license in Dubai in three simple steps. Thanks to new measures adopted by Department of Economic Development – DED in Dubai.

If you are a businessman or entrepreneur, you could renew your business license on your own. The Dubai Department of Economic Development DED has put forth several initiatives. Like the smart electronic services and registered agents that help you renew your business license in Dubai. Send a SMS and renew business license in Dubai. Moreover, online renewal helps reduce delays and save time and efforts spent in visiting the ministry offices.

These measure where brought in to develop easy business procedures and streamline an accommodating environment.

Here are the three simple steps that would help you renew your business license –

Check the validity of the tenancy contract:

The tenancy contract should have a minimum validity of one month, and the longer the better. Place of business is extremely important when it comes to company license renewal Dubai, thus double-check on the validity of your company’s tenancy contract in order to avoid delays in getting a business license.

Get the approvals for the activity:

Every specific business activity has selective requirements as well as may need certifications and licenses from specific authority. For instance, a car rental company or a private motor vehicle service need an approval from the Dubai Road and Transport Authority (RTA), whereas a private medical clinic needs a certification from the Ministry of Health and Prevention of Dubai and so on. Thus, get approval for the business activity for the respective judicial or governmental department well-in-advance before you apply for the business license.

Apply for business license renewal:

Collaborate all the certifications and the application for the trade license renewal in Dubai. Submit it to Department of Economic Development DED is several ways.

• Renew your business license offline

Department of Economic Development (DED) can renew your business license through various offline modes such as business service provider, authorized service agents, law firms, happiness lounge, etc.

• Renew your business license online

DED has a comprehensive website and e-Services for the business customers through which they can renew business license online. Getting business license renewed online can be reliable with minimal paperwork as well as speeds-up the process.

• You could do it through auto-renewal

In order to improve the country’s investment and business climate, the Economic Department has initiated an auto-renewal process through which the renewal could be fast-tracked. Investors seeking to renew their license only need to send an SMS with their license number to 6969. The business license renewal cost is sent via SMS. The business owners can then pay this fee through offline as well as online methods.

Matter of Concerns:

Delay and non-renewal of Business License in Dubai can attract penalties and even could blacklist the company. Moreover, plans for setting up business in the future might also be jeopardised. Thus, several businessmen feel appointing a business service provider in UAE is a safer and easier option.

Remembering the due date of your business license is not the only factor. Business license renewal takes longer time, especially if the documents are not in order. You need to be certain about the validity of your tenancy contract and certifications involved. Running around the ministries and governmental authorities at the last minute could be tiresome. Therefore, investors and businessmen feel best to outsource the renewal process.

The DED has made the regulations extremely simple for businessmen in Dubai. However, help from a business setup services provider makes administrational procedures even more convenient. A business setup service provider in Dubai significantly improves the quality of company formation and regulation. As a businessman you have instant awareness about the procedure, and you can be carefree on what goes next.

Go with Shuraa Business Setup–one of the well-known and established business setup service providers in UAE.

Shuraa Business Setup helps establish and obtain information about your company from the authority. We also issue and renew commercial registrations, keep a tab on the expiry dates and remind any renewals involved.

Shuraa Business Setup also offer number of administrative services that enable you to easily manage and operate your businesses. To know more speak to our business consultants or drop in a quick inquiry and we will get back to you!

April 14, 2019
Business License in Dubai, UAE – A Complete Guide
Business licenses in Dubai is compulsory requirement for every type of company formation. Setting up a new business in Dubai can be an exciting prospect and several variables need to be considered. However, the most important of all is business licensing in Dubai.

This article will provide you a complete guide on the various types, structures and procedures involved in Dubai business licensing.

Why do you need a business license in Dubai?

A Dubai based business license validates your company as a legal entity certified to do business. Not just this, the business license also identifies you and your business enterprise. It takes accountability of your commercial proceedings as well as protects the public health and safety. On the other hand, it also allows to the governmental entities to regulate and survey the commercial proceeding in the city.

Watch the video for further details

Who provides business licenses in Dubai?

The Department of Economic Development (DED) is a government body entrusted to license companies or individuals who desire to carry out businesses in Dubai. The Department of Economic Development provides business licenses in Dubai. Dubai DED is the entity that does not only provide business licenses, but also regulates the procedures related to business licensing.

A DED licensed business is generally known as a “local company”. You must note that only mainland companies are registered and licensed by the Department of Economic Development, unlike free zone companies – those are licensed by private authorities.

What are the types of business licenses in Dubai?

There are mainly four types of business licenses in Dubai as well as around the UAE.
1. Commercial license for general trading businesses
2. Professional license for service-related businesses
3. Industrial license for manufacturing goods
4. Tourism license for travel and tours industry
Business licensing is the most initial stage of starting a UAE business, but you also need to know that there are different agencies and jurisdiction that manage the system of business licensing. Watch the video to understand it in detail.

Which is the best type of business license in Dubai?

All the business licenses in Dubai are industry specific. While some licenses would be apt for some businesses, other may not be compatible for the related business activities.

This means that you can apply for a business license depending on the industry, business activity, the structure of the company, etc. However, the suitability of the license is different for each business. Also, the region you decide to set up the business in Dubai also plays an important role to determine the best business license for you. The right way would be to consultant a company formation expert. An expert can analyse and advice as per your commercial needs and future scopes of the company. Click here to consult a company formation expert for FREE Contact us.

How to Get a Business License in Dubai?

So, if you have learnt it all about the various business licensing options available, then you would be surely wondering how to get a business license in Dubai? What documents are required to license your business? Or are there any major conditions for getting a Dubai business license?

Various jurisdictions and business activities have its own licensing requirements. However, if you opt for a mainland license in Dubai then below are the most probable requirements:
- One of the business partners needs to be present during the process for applying a business license in Dubai.
- Passport copies of all the business partners as well as mangers depending that are required as per the business activity.
- A NOC from the sponsor of the company for expat investors or foreign partners.
- Copies of the residency visa for all the business partners.
- You need to ascertain your business activity and legal structure for the company along with the reservation for the trade name.
- Also, an initial approval from the DED and external approvals as required needs to be submitted with the application.
- The tenancy contract for the office space and the Ejari also is a requirement to get the business license in Dubai.
All these documents are submitted by a PRO to the Department of Economic Development (DED). And after the fees is paid the license is issued.

Cost of Business License in Dubai, UAE

The cost of a business license in Dubai typically ranges between AED 7,000* and AED 30,000*, depending on the location and type of business setup:
- UAE Mainland: AED 12,000* to AED 30,000*
- UAE Freezone: AED 7,000* to AED 20,000*
The exact cost can vary based on factors such as business activities, location, and government fees.

How to Renew your Business License in Dubai?

Business license in Dubai needs to be renewed on an annual basis. Companies and commercial entities need to go through the process of documentation for renewal of the business license. Also, the business license must be renewed before the due date as a penalty is charged on late renewals. Getting a business license renewed can be made easier with the help of a business setup service providers in the UAE.

Speak to Shuraa Business Setup

Shuraa Business Setup is the only destination to get all the business licensing services under one roof! At Shuraa, our business setup consultants help you choose the right license for your business. We also make you understand the various process of getting a business license.

Shuraa Business Setup also communicates with the Department of Economic Development (DED) for all your licensing processes and ensure you get every approval that is required for the business. We do not only help you get the business license but also renew it annually so that can save yourself from delays and penalties.

Would you like to know more on business licensing in Dubai or anywhere across the UAE? Need to know the difference between licenses for mainland as well as free zone regions? or may you need to estimate the cost of business trade license in Dubai?

Book your FREE consultation with our Shuraa’s Business Setup consultants today!

Call us on +97144081900 / WhatsApp +971507775554. You can also email us at info@shuraa.com or simply log on to blog.shuraa.com/
January 27, 2019
Small Business License Cost in Dubai, UAE
Business licenses in Dubai are one of the crucial elements of starting a business. Company and business licenses in Dubai are monitored and mandated by the Department of Economic Development (DED).

From small and medium enterprises to multinational companies – all types of businesses need to be licensed to operate legally. If you are wondering how much a small business license costs in Dubai, the quick answer is between AED 8000 and AED 30000. However, there are a lot of contributing factors that may collectively influence the small business license cost in Dubai.

Factors influencing Dubai business license costs

The factors influencing Dubai business license fees are as follows:

1. Nature of the business

Business licenses in Dubai are issued based on the nature of the business, also referred to as the business activity or business type. The licensing structure is mainly divided into four business types.

They are commercial licenses issued for trading and commercial entities, licenses issued to businesses offering professional services, industrial licenses issued to manufacturing companies, and tourism licenses issued to travel and tour services. The nature of the business is the prime factor that defines the cost of a business license in Dubai.

2. Number of company partners

The number of company partners in a business could be another factor that may fluctuate the cost of a business license in Dubai. If you have a small business with only yourself as a partner in the company, that would be best to keep the costs lower.

Partnerships also depend on the license that you opt for. Some licenses, such as a commercial license in Dubai, require you to have two partners, while with a professional license, you can be the only partner in the company.

3. Rented office in Dubai

Renting an office space will increase your business license costs by 2.5%. Due to the regulations noted by the Department of Economic Development, businesses must pay 2.5% of the total rent towards the cost of a business license in Dubai. Thus, we ensure you get affordable office space for rent in Dubai.

4. Added approvals

A significant factor that may impact the business license Dubai cost is the required approvals and sanctions. Additional approvals might be necessary depending on the nature of the business activity, which can further raise the total cost of obtaining a business license in Dubai.

These additional approvals are considered indirect costs, meaning they won’t be included directly in the business license fee but will contribute to the overall expenses involved.

5. Speak to an expert

Analysing these factors can be a good idea for a small business to lower its business license cost in Dubai. However, a better way to deal with it is to speak to a business setup consultant or an expert from Shuraa Business Setup.

A business license plays a vital role in the future and scope of your business. The business license you choose does not only define your business activity but also matters when you consider expanding your business.

Overview of Business License Cost in Dubai

In Dubai, obtaining a business license is crucial to operating legally. The Department of Economic Development (DED) or the relevant free zone authorities oversee the issuance of these licenses.

Depending on your business activity, several licenses are available, each with different cost structures. Here’s a breakdown of the main types of business licenses in Dubai:
- Commercial License: This license is required for businesses engaged in trading activities. It covers the buying and selling of goods. The cost of a business license in Dubai for a commercial license can vary based on the size and nature of the business.
- Professional License: Designed for individuals or companies offering professional services, such as consultancy, legal services, or other expertise-based professions. The cost of this license depends on the business scale and the number of employees.
- Industrial License: This license is essential for businesses involved in manufacturing or industrial activities. The fees are influenced by factors such as factory size and the nature of production.
- Tourism License: This license is mandatory for businesses operating in the travel and tourism industry. It covers travel agencies, tour operators, and other tourism-related activities, with costs depending on the services offered.
Businesses can make informed decisions by understanding these license types and associated costs. Consulting with business setup experts like Shuraa can provide accurate details and help streamline the licensing process.

Detailed Breakdown of UAE Business License Cost

Commercial License Cost
- Initial Approval Fee: AED 200* to AED 400*
- Trade Name Reservation Fee: AED 700* to AED 900*
- License Fee: AED 10,000* to AED 15,000*
- Office Rent: AED 10,000* to AED 50,000* (varies by location and office size)
- Total Cost: AED 25,720* to AED 70,720*
Additional Costs
- Market Fees: Approximately 5% of annual rent
- Agent Fees: AED 7,000* to AED 15,000* annually for foreign investors
Professional License Cost in Dubai

Businesses offering services and professional individuals require a professional license. The cost of a UAE business license includes:
- Initial Approval Fee: AED 100* to AED 300*
- Trade Name Reservation Fee: AED 620* to AED 720*
- License Fee: AED 5,000* to AED 10,000*
- Office Rent: AED 10,000* to AED 50,000*
- Total Cost: AED 18,720* to AED 66,020*
Additional Costs:

Local Service Agent Fees: AED 5,000* to AED 15,000* for foreign investors

Industrial License Cost
- Initial Approval Fee: AED 1,000* to AED 3,000*
- Trade Name Reservation Fee: AED 1,500* to AED 2,000*
- License Fee: AED 15,000* to AED 25,000*
- Office Rent: AED 30,000* to AED 60,000*
- Total Cost: AED 50,000* to AED 70,000*
Additional Costs:
- Factory Setup Costs: Varies based on factory size and requirements
- Environmental Approvals: Costs may increase for activities requiring environmental department approvals
Cost of Business Licenses in UAE Free Zones

The cost of a License starts from AED 6,000- 30,000*.

Ras Al Khaimah Economic Zone (RAKEZ)
- 0 Visa Package: AED 6,000*
- 1 Visa Package: AED 12,000* (Visa Free for Lifetime)
- 2 Visa Package: AED 18,000*
- 3 Visa Package: AED 25,000*
International Free Zone Authority (IFZA)
- 0 visa Package: AED 12,900*
- 1 Visa Package: AED 14,900*
- 2 Visa Package: AED 16,900*
- 3 Visa Package: AED 18,900*
Steps to Start a Small Business in Dubai

Getting a small business license in Dubai may appear challenging, but following these steps will make the process more manageable:
- Identify Your Small Business Activity: The first step is to Define your business activity. Dubai classifies licenses based on trade, industry, or services. Research the category that aligns with your business operations.
- Choose a Business Name: Once you have selected a business activity, the next step is to choose a business name. Pick a unique and easy name according to Dubai’s naming regulations. Ensure it is not already in use and avoid offensive terms. Shuraa’s business setup consultants can assist with name selection.
- Decide on a Legal Structure: Choose from legal structures like sole proprietorship or limited liability company (LLC). Each structure has distinct advantages and implications for licensing. Professional guidance can help you make an informed decision.
- Register with DED: Apply for initial approval from Dubai’s Department of Economic Development (DED). This involves submitting essential documents, such as business plans, and paying initial fees. Specific industries might need additional permits from other government bodies. Research extra approvals required for your business activity.
- Choose a Business Location: Select an office space or a free zone location, considering factors like cost, proximity to your target market, and benefits of the free zone (if applicable).
- Visa Requirements: Consider the number of visas required for employees, as this will affect overall costs. Research visa options and fees based on your chosen legal structure.
Consulting with a business setup expert Like Shuraa can streamline the process and ensure compliance with all regulations.

Documents Required for Small Business Setup in Dubai

To set up a small business, the following documents are typically required:
- Passports and visas of owners and partners
- Business plans
- Tenancy contract (if applicable)
- Proof of any additional approvals obtained
- Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) for certain legal structures
Each business owner must submit their documents to apply for individual investor visas.

Understand the Costing for Your Small Business License with Shuraa!

In conclusion, understanding the Small Business License Cost in Dubai is essential for anyone looking to start a business in this dynamic city. The costs can vary widely depending on factors such as the type of business, number of partners, office location, and additional approvals required.

Consulting with Shuraa Business Setup can be incredibly beneficial for a smoother and more efficient process. Their expertise in Dubai’s licensing landscape ensures you get accurate cost estimates and comprehensive support throughout the licensing process, helping you establish and grow your business confidently. For personalised assistance, contact Shuraa Business Setup today.

For more information or a free consultation, contact Shuraa Business Setup. Call us on +97144081900 / WhatsApp +971507775554.

You may also email us at info@shuraa.com or log on to blog.shuraa.com/

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How much does a small business license cost in Dubai?

A business license in Dubai generally costs between AED 10,000* and AED 30,000*, depending on business activity and structure. The estimated cost of a business in Dubai mainland can be anywhere between AED 12,000* and AED 28,000*. The license cost in Dubai Freezone typically starts at AED 10,000*.

2. What is the cheapest small business license in Dubai?

The cheapest small business license in Dubai starts from AED 5,750*. To know more about the cheapest business license, you can contact Shura business setup.

3. How to get a small business license in Dubai?

To get a business license in Dubai, follow these steps identify your small business activity, choose a business name, decide on a legal structure, register with DED, choose a business location, and visa requirements.

Disclaimer: The information in this post is for general guidance only and may change due to updates in government policies or regulations.
January 6, 2019
Dual License Dubai: Everything You Need to Know
If you want to maximize your presence in the UAE market, the dual license offers a strategic advantage. This framework enables a single entity to operate in both a Free Zone and the Mainland, providing broad market access and combining regulatory benefits with commercial reach.

In the current economic environment, the dual license supports integrated growth by simplifying operations, reducing overhead, and positioning your business for both local and international opportunities.

What is a Dual License in Dubai?

A Dual License in Dubai allows a single legal entity registered in a participating free zone to conduct business both within the free zone and directly in the UAE mainland market. This structure eliminates the need for a separate mainland company or local sponsor, providing unified access to both economic jurisdictions under a single license.

Types of Dual Licenses in UAE

When it comes to dual licenses in Dubai, there isn’t a single type, but rather different options depending on the specific needs of your business and the chosen free zone.

Here’s a breakdown of some common types:
1. General Trade License: This allows you to trade in a wide range of goods and services, both within the free zone and on the mainland. It’s the most flexible option, but specific activities might still be restricted.
2. Professional License: This caters to professionals like consultants, lawyers, or doctors, allowing them to offer services in both markets.
3. E-commerce License: Ideal for businesses primarily operating online, enabling you to sell products and services through e-commerce platforms to both local and international customers.
4. Specific Industry Licenses: Some free zones offer specialized licenses for specific industries like media, technology, or healthcare, granting access to relevant markets within the free zone and mainland.
Remember, the availability of specific types and their exact details may vary depending on your chosen free zone and business activity.

Key Free Zones Offering Dual License Capabilities (UAE)
- Dubai Airport Freezone (DAFZA): Known for offering dual licenses to expand reach into the local market.
- Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC) (DWTC Free Zone): Also provides dual licensing for broader operations.
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC): While a popular free zone, it offers options for onshore access through partnerships or specific license types, though its primary focus is trading.
- Meydan Free Zone: Offers flexibility, including potential dual license benefits for mainland access.
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA): A massive zone with various clusters (like DUCAMZ, DWSC) that provides comprehensive facilities and integration options for mainland reach.
- Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC): A major financial hub with its own regulatory framework.
- Sharjah Media City (Shams) & Creative City Fujairah: Popular for media, creative, and freelance activities, often with lower costs.
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO): Technology and innovation focused.
- Abu Dhabi Zones: Such as Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi (KIZAD).
How to Get a Dual License in Dubai

To obtain a dual license in Dubai, you must meet specific legal, administrative, and operational requirements:

Step 1: Select an Eligible Free Zone

Not all free zones offer dual licensing. First, confirm that your selected zone participates in the program. Key providers include:
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC)
- Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZA)
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC)
- Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) (primarily for financial services firms)
Action: Review each zone’s industry focus, fee structure, and support services to ensure they align with your business model.

Step 2: Establish Your Free Zone Company

The dual license extends your primary free zone entity. Complete the standard setup first:
- Determine your legal structure (e.g., FZCO, FZE, Branch).
- Secure initial approval and register a unique trade name.
- Submit all required documents (passports, business plan, etc.) to the free zone authority.
- Lease office space within the free zone.
- Obtain your initial Free Zone License.
Step 3: Prepare & Submit the Dual License Application

Once your free zone company is active, apply for the mainland extension through your free zone’s business services department.
- The free zone authority will coordinate with the Department of Economic Development (DET) on your behalf.
- Submit the dual license application form with the required documents, which typically include:
  - Copy of your Free Zone Trade License.
  - Board resolution approving the mainland expansion.
  - Passport copies of the company manager/owner.
  - A Tenancy Contract for a physical office space on the mainland (mandatory requirement).
  - Any relevant sector-specific approvals (e.g., from the Dubai Health Authority for medical activities).
Step 4: Pay Fees & Await DET Approval
- Pay all associated fees, including DET license issuance charges and any free zone service fees.
- The free zone will coordinate with the DET for review. Processing times vary depending on your business activity and the completeness of your documentation.
- Once approved, you will receive your official DET Mainland License, linked to your free zone company.
Step 5: Finalize Setup & Commence Operations

With your dual license, complete the final administrative steps:
- Complete your mainland office setup in accordance with the submitted tenancy contract.
- Process employee visas for staff working on mainland activities, often facilitated through your free zone.
- Open corporate bank accounts for mainland operations, if required.
- Begin trading in both jurisdictions under your unified legal entity.
Important Consideration: While the process is integrated, ongoing compliance is required. Ensure you meet the separate renewal requirements, audit obligations, and activity scopes for both your free zone and mainland licenses.

Partnering with a corporate services provider such as Shuraa Business Setup can streamline the process, from selecting the appropriate free zone to securing your mainland office and ensuring compliance.

Key Benefits of a Dual License in Dubai

Securing a Dual License is a strategic decision that offers businesses a competitive advantage in Dubai’s dynamic market. The key benefits include:
1. Unified Market Access: Eliminate barriers between free zones and the mainland. Operate as a single legal entity, serving clients in the free zone, internationally, and throughout the UAE, including government and corporate tenders.
2. Operational Efficiency and Cost Reduction: Avoid establishing and maintaining two separate companies. Consolidation reduces setup costs, administrative overhead, licensing renewals, and compliance requirements.
3. Strategic Flexibility: Benefit from both regulatory frameworks. Retain key free zone advantages, such as 100% foreign ownership, full profit repatriation, and import/export tax exemptions, while gaining the ability to conduct business on the mainland without a local service agent.
4. Enhanced Credibility and Visibility: A Dual License demonstrates an integrated market presence. It strengthens your brand’s credibility with local partners, banks, and clients who value mainland market access.
5. Streamlined Logistics and Operations: A mainland commercial license allows your company to manage local logistics, establish onshore offices or warehouses, and invoice clients for mainland activities without intermediaries.
6. Access to Government Contracts: Many government and large corporate tenders in the UAE require a mainland commercial license. A Dual License makes your business eligible to bid for these opportunities directly.
In summary, a Dual License enables a free zone company to operate as an integrated business in the UAE, expanding access to new opportunities and supporting growth.

What are the Restrictions on Dual Licenses?

Here are the key restrictions on Dual Licenses in Dubai:

1. Free Zone Dependency & Eligibility
- Dual licenses are available only in select free zones, such as Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC), Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSOA), and Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC). Your company must be established in a participating free zone.
- The free zone company remains the primary legal entity. Mainland access is an extension of its activities, not a separate entity. You must maintain your free zone presence to retain the dual license.
2. Geographical & Premises Stipulations
- To activate mainland trading, you must secure a physical office or operational warehouse on the mainland. Virtual offices or flexi-desks are generally not accepted for this license.
- Mainland activities are typically permitted only within the emirate that issued the license. Expanding to other emirates may require additional approvals or trade licenses.
3. Regulatory and Compliance Limits
- You may conduct only those mainland activities approved and listed on your dual license. Activities outside this scope are not permitted.
- Although the entity is unified, businesses often maintain separate bank accounts for free zone and mainland transactions. Annual financial audits are required, and all mainland revenue and activities must be fully reported and comply with all applicable laws and regulations.
- The license removes the requirement for a UAE National Local Service Agent but does not affect the free zone entity’s 100% foreign ownership structure.
4. Cost Structure
- You are responsible for both the free zone license fees and the dual license or mainland authorization fees, in addition to rent for the required mainland office.
Conquer the Full Dubai Market with a Single, Strategic Move

Securing a Dual License is essential for businesses seeking to operate across the UAE. However, the process requires careful attention to regulations, eligibility, and setup procedures.

Expert guidance simplifies this complex process.

Shuraa is your partner throughout this expansion, supporting you from initial consultation to your first mainland transaction:
- Strategic Planning: Identifying the ideal free zone and license structure for your goals.
- Streamlined Processing: Handling all documentation, approvals, and government liaison with precision.
- Full-Spectrum Setup: Assisting with mainland office procurement, visa processing, and banking facilitation.
- Ongoing Compliance Support: Ensuring your dual operations remain seamless and compliant.
Expand your business beyond a single market and establish a strong presence in both the free zone and mainland.

Start your Dual License process with a consultation. Contact Shuraa to gain full market access.
- Call: +971 4 4081900
- WhatsApp: +971 50 7775554
- Email: info@shuraa.com
Let’s work together to achieve your business goals.
November 7, 2017